how to check id is existed before insert to database

I have 2 related table

one is claim_item_category

|---------------------|------------------|
|    claim_item_id    | claim_item_name  |
|---------------------|------------------|
|          1          |  Transport       |
|---------------------|------------------|
|          2          |  Medical         |
|---------------------|------------------|

second is claim_list

|---------------------|------------------|------------------|
|    claim_list_id    |  claim_item_id   |     Amount       |
|---------------------|------------------|------------------|
|          1          |        1         |     20.50        |
|---------------------|------------------|------------------|

User have a selector box to select Claim Item

<select name="claim_item_id" class="form-control" required="required" aria-required="true">
 <option value="" selected="SELECTED">...</option>
 <option value="1">Transport</option>
 <option value="2">Medical</option>
  </select>

IF they inspect the code change option value to 3 which is not existed in claim_item_category table and it will also save in to database and then output will be blank.

Its possible check the claim_item_category - claim_item_id is already existed then only save?

My insert sql query :

sprintf("INSERT INTO `claim_list`
                (`claim_item_id`,`Amount`) 
                VALUES 
                ('%d','%s');"
                ,$this->claim_category_id,$this->claim_amount);